Баскская этимология : Результат запроса

PROTO: *e=ośi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to sew

BZK: josi

GIP: josi

ANV: josi

BNV: josi

LAB: josi

ZBR: josi

COMMENTS: The semantic difference (Bsq) ‘sew’ ~ (PNC) ‘weave’ ~ (Kryz) ‘spin’ seems ordinary: cf. Ger. nähen ‘to sew’ ~ Lith. nýtis `lever of a loom’, Lett. nīts ‘part of a loom’ ~ Gk νή- ‘to spin’, Lat. nē- id., etc.

PROTO: *e=per̄

MEANING: partridge

BZK: eper

GIP: eper

ANV: eper

BNV: epher

LAB: epher

ZBR: épher

RNC: eper

COMMENTS: Hardly derived from Lat. perdīx. Cf. PY *pǝʔr 'a kind of duck', if the latter is not borrowed from Samoyed (PU *pErV 'a kind of duck' > Selkup pūria 'Ente; Anas clangula', pūr (N) 'Entenart'; Kamass: pшrш, pшre 'Entenart; Mergus merganser').

PROTO: *e=purdi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: buttocks, rump

BZK: iperdi, eperdi, (Markina, Oñate) ipurdi, (arc) ipirdi

GIP: ipurdi

ANV: epurdi

BNV: (Aldude) purdi

SAL: ipurdi

LAB: iphurdi

BZT: purdi, ipurdi

ZBR: iphürdi

PROTO: *e=r̄ai

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 entrail(s) 2 lung(s) 3 pluck

BZK: errai 1, errai-ki 3, gibel-errai 3

GIP: errai, arrai 1, gibel-arrai 3

ANV: errai 1, gibel-errai 3

BNV: errai 1, gibel-errai 3

LAB: errai, arrai 1, gibel-arrai 3, gibel-errai 3

ZBR: errái 1, gibel-errái 2

RNC: errai 1, gibel-errai 3

COMMENTS: Gibel-errai most widely refers to 'pluck' (major organs of an animal: heart, lungs, liver, spleen, used as food). Not to be confused with a similar word *er̄ain 'kidneys, loin, back' that is from a Romance reflex of Latin rēn- 'kidney' (Michelena 1961: 144).

PROTO: *e=r̄a-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: say, tell, call, name

ANV: erran

BNV: erran

SAL: erran

LAB: erran

BZT: erran

ZBR: erran

RNC: erran

COMMENTS: The eastern Bsq root, opposed to western *e=śa-n.

PROTO: *e=rec

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 corner, edge, bank 2 side 3 fringe (of garment) 4 part(ing) of hair 5 comparison, relation

BZK: ertz 1, 3, 4

GIP: ertz 1, 3

BNV: eretz 2, 5

LAB: eretz 2, 5

PROTO: *e=rori

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to fall

GIP: erori

ANV: erori

BNV: erori

LAB: erori

ZBR: erori

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *Hraʎwe 'to fall, go down'. Normally PNC *-ʎ- [voiceless lateral fricative] corresponds to Bsq *-ɫh- (between vowels). There has been assimilation and/or dissimilation in play; or early loss of /h/ in Bsq *e=roɫhi or *e=loɫhi > *eroli > erori?

PROTO: *e=sagu-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to know (conocer, connaitre)

BZK: ezagu-tu, ezau-tu, (arc) ezaun

GIP: ezagu-tu

ANV: ezagu-tu, zagu-tu

BNV: ezagu-tu

SAL: ezagu-tu

LAB: ezagu-tu, zagu-tu

BZT: ezagu-tu

AZK: ezagu-tu

ZBR: ezágü-tü

RNC: ezagu-tu

COMMENTS: Trask (1997) posits an original form *ezagun, still used as the adjective 'familar, well-known'.

PROTO: *e=śa-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: say, tell, narrate, relate

BZK: esan

GIP: esan

ANV: (Larraun) esan

COMMENTS: The western Bsq root, opposed to eastern *e=r̄a-n.

PROTO: *e=sari

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to set, put 2 to sit, seat oneself 3 to give way, sag, be prostrate

BZK: ezarri 2, 3

BNV: ezari 1

SAL: izarri 1

LAB: ezari 1

ZBR: ezari 1

RNC: isari 1, (Vidángoz) izari 1

COMMENTS: See also *e=ar̄i and *e=śeri. These three verbs have contaminated each other and are hard to separate at the synchronic level.

PROTO: *e=sari

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: measure, dimension, size

BNV: izari

LAB: izari

ZBR: izari

COMMENTS: Comparison suggested by Bouda (1949, no. 24). The Bsq word has an archaic structure corresponding to PSC *=(V)c(w)ălV, reordered in PNC *=ălcŬm, a common phenomenon in verbal roots.

PROTO: *e=śene

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 milk 2 sap

ARB: ezne 1

BZK: ezne, esne 1, 2

GIP: ezne, esne 1, 2

ANV: ezne, esene 1

BNV: ezne, esne 1

SAL: ezne 1, 2

LAB: esne 1

BZT: ezne 1

ZBR: eznẽ́ 1

RNC: ezne 1, 2

COMMENTS: Bsq *ś is the expected correspondence to PNC *š, and this is attested in the ANV variant esene. The sibilant-nasal cluster in other dialects is resolved either as /śn/ or /sn/, more commonly the latter, according to Azkue. For (BN) zen-bera 'soft cheese', etc., see Bsq *sen-[-bera], a distinct etymon.

PROTO: *e=seo, *e=se-ki

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to set fire, kindle 2 to burn 3 heat, ardor

BZK: (Markina, Txorierri) izio 1, (arc) exeki 2

GIP: izeki 2, (Etxarri-Aranaz) iziki, izigi 1

ANV: izeki 1, 2, 3, iziki, izigi 1

BNV: ixeki 2

LAB: (arc) {iechequi} /ješeki/

RNC: ixeki 2

COMMENTS: *-ki is a known verbal suffix (Trask 1997: 227). Bouda (1948) Bsq + Circassian sǝ-.

PROTO: *e=śeri

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to sit; to become; to put, place

BZK: jasarri, (Arratia, Durango, Lekeitio, Markina) jesarri

GIP: eseri, esegi, isiri

SAL: eseri

RNC: eseri, xaseri

COMMENTS: BZK jesarri, jasarri and RNC xaseri seem to be blended with *e=ar̄i (q.v.). cf. also (R-Uztárroz) xasi ‘to sit, set, become’ < *e=aśi; perhaps this is a relic of the unsuffixed verb.

PROTO: *e=star̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: throat

BZK: eztarri

GIP: eztarri

ANV: eztarri, iztarri

BNV: iztarri

ZBR: ixtárri, ixtárre

RNC: eztarri, iztarri

COMMENTS: Cf. PNC *s_wĔri ~ *ris_wĔ 'throat, neck', with PNC tense *s_ corresponding to Bsq *st.

PROTO: *e=sun-ki

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to extinguish, put out (light)

ARB: itzaungi

BZK: itzungi

GIP: izungi

COMMENTS: Cf. PEC *=Hi[š_]wVn 'to extinguish, go out (of light)'. Within EC there is variation between *s and *š. The affricate -tz- in ARB and BZK influenced by the synonym itzali (see *i=cal) of similar meaning (suggested by Michelena 1961). Bouda (1949) Bsq + Avar s:ʷi-n-.

PROTO: *e=śuri

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to flow, spill

BZK: isuri

GIP: isuri

ANV: isuri

BNV: isuri

LAB: isuri

ZBR: ixuri, ixur [íšur]

RNC: usuri

COMMENTS: If this comparison is valid, the PSC liquid is *ŕ, since PSC *r would yield Basque *r̄.

PROTO: *e=te-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to break, break off 2 to tire, be fatigued

BZK: eten

GIP: eten

ANV: eten

BNV: ethen

LAB: ethen

ZBR: ethen

RNC: eten

PROTO: *e=tor̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to come 2 to get along, agree, adapt 3 eloquence, inspiration 4 luck (in games)

BZK: etorri 1, 2, 3, 4

GIP: etorri 1, 2, 3, 4

ANV: etorri 1, (Ulzama) torri 1, 2

LAB: ethorri 1

BZT: torri 1, 2

COMMENTS: Eastern dialects prefer *e=augin 'to come' (q.v.).

PROTO: *e=ući

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to take 2 to take hold, seize, grasp 3 to sustain, keep, maintain 4 sock it! smack it! (in pelota game)

BZK: eutsi 1, 2, (Arratia, Txorierri) eutsin 3

GIP: eutsi 2

ANV: eutsi 2

BNV: (Aldude) eutxi 4